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English TOEFL: History & Society Flashcards

40 TOEFL words for history, government and ancient societies, with definitions, example sentences, Vietnamese meanings and audio.

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TOEFL: History & Society word list – part 1 of 1

# Picture Word Part of speech Meaning Tiếng Việt
1 civilization noun noun
A developed society with its own culture nền văn minh “Ancient Egyptian civilization lasted thousands of years.”
nền văn minh
2 empire noun noun
A group of countries ruled by one ruler đế chế “The Roman Empire was huge.”
đế chế
3 dynasty noun noun
A series of rulers from the same family triều đại “The Nguyen dynasty ruled Vietnam until 1945.”
triều đại
4 colony noun noun
A country controlled by another country thuộc địa “It was a British colony until 1947.”
thuộc địa
5 revolution noun noun
A sudden great change cuộc cách mạng “The Industrial Revolution began in Britain.”
cuộc cách mạng
6 independence noun noun
Freedom from control by another country nền độc lập “The country gained independence in 1945.”
nền độc lập
7 ancient adjective adjective
Very old; from long ago cổ đại “They visited the ruins of ancient Greece.”
cổ đại
8 medieval adjective adjective
From the Middle Ages (about 500–1500) (thuộc) thời Trung cổ “We toured a medieval castle.”
(thuộc) thời Trung cổ
9 era noun noun
A long period of history kỷ nguyên, thời đại “The Victorian era saw rapid change.”
kỷ nguyên, thời đại
10 archaeology noun noun
The study of the past by digging up objects khảo cổ học “Archaeology tells us how people lived.”
khảo cổ học
11 artifact noun noun
An object made by people long ago hiện vật “The museum displays ancient artifacts.”
hiện vật
12 settlement noun noun
A place where people come to live khu định cư “The first settlements were near rivers.”
khu định cư
13 migration noun noun
Moving from one place to another sự di cư “Bird migration happens every autumn.”
sự di cư
14 agriculture noun noun
Farming nông nghiệp “Agriculture began about 10,000 years ago.”
nông nghiệp
15 trade noun noun
Buying and selling goods thương mại, buôn bán “Trade between Asia and Europe grew.”
thương mại, buôn bán
16 merchant noun noun
A person who buys and sells goods thương nhân “Merchants travelled along the Silk Road.”
thương nhân
17 monarchy noun noun
A country ruled by a king or queen chế độ quân chủ “Britain is a constitutional monarchy.”
chế độ quân chủ
18 democracy noun noun
A system where people vote for their leaders nền dân chủ “Democracy began in ancient Athens.”
nền dân chủ
19 constitution noun noun
The basic laws of a country hiến pháp “The constitution protects free speech.”
hiến pháp
20 legislation noun noun
Laws made by a government luật pháp, pháp chế “New legislation protects workers.”
luật pháp, pháp chế
21 conflict noun noun
A serious disagreement or war xung đột “The conflict lasted ten years.”
xung đột
22 treaty noun noun
A written agreement between countries hiệp ước “The two nations signed a peace treaty.”
hiệp ước
23 territory noun noun
Land controlled by a country lãnh thổ “They expanded their territory.”
lãnh thổ
24 population noun noun
All the people living in an area dân số “The population of Hanoi is over 8 million.”
dân số
25 census noun noun
An official count of a population cuộc điều tra dân số “The census is taken every ten years.”
cuộc điều tra dân số
26 industrialization noun noun
The growth of factories and industry công nghiệp hóa “Industrialization changed cities forever.”
công nghiệp hóa
27 labor noun noun
Work, especially physical work lao động “Factories needed cheap labor.”
lao động
28 manuscript noun noun
A book or document written by hand bản viết tay “Monks copied the ancient manuscript.”
bản viết tay
29 inscription noun noun
Words carved on stone or metal chữ khắc, văn bia “The inscription is in Latin.”
chữ khắc, văn bia
30 collapse noun noun
A sudden failure or fall sự sụp đổ “Historians study the collapse of the empire.”
sự sụp đổ
31 prosperity noun noun
The state of being rich and successful sự thịnh vượng “The city enjoyed a period of prosperity.”
sự thịnh vượng
32 oppression noun noun
Cruel and unfair treatment sự áp bức “People fought against oppression.”
sự áp bức
33 reform noun noun
A change to improve a system cải cách “Education reform is needed.”
cải cách
34 ideology noun noun
A set of beliefs hệ tư tưởng “Political ideology shaped the war.”
hệ tư tưởng
35 ritual noun noun
A ceremony done in a fixed way nghi lễ “Ancient rituals honoured the gods.”
nghi lễ
36 mythology noun noun
Traditional stories about gods and heroes thần thoại “She loves Greek mythology.”
thần thoại
37 pioneer noun noun
One of the first people to do something người tiên phong “She was a pioneer of computer science.”
người tiên phong
38 legacy noun noun
Something left from the past di sản, tàn dư “The empire's legacy can still be seen.”
di sản, tàn dư
39 expedition noun noun
A journey made for a special purpose cuộc thám hiểm “They led an expedition to the South Pole.”
cuộc thám hiểm
40 chronological adjective adjective
In the order that events happened theo trình tự thời gian “Events are listed in chronological order.”
theo trình tự thời gian

Source: Word frequency: google-10000-english (Google Web Trillion Word Corpus). Definitions: Princeton WordNet 3.0 (WordNet License). Exam word lists: TSL, BSL, NAWL – Browne & Culligan, newgeneralservicelist.com (CC BY-SA 4.0) (opens in a new tab)